Two of the main characteristics of free-market economics, or should I say capitalism, is the need to produce a product at the smallest possible cost, and to then increase it’s sales as much as possible.
When it comes to capitalism and food, especially meat, these ideas are played out by breeding, growing and culling the most animals at the smallest cost so to keep the price of their meat down in order to sell a lot of it.
It is this philosophy that leads to intensive farming. In these conditions animals, in this case pigs, are crammed together, force fed nutrient less food and injected with unknown quantities of antibiotics. In these conditions they have limited movement, hardly see sunlight and can in no way healthily develop as a free range pig would.
With the outbreak in swine flu, it is these farming conditions that have come under further attack.
One of the reported sources of the outbreak of the swine flu virus is Perote in Veracruz, Mexico. In Perote there is a huge industrial pig farm which contains around 950,000 pigs. Nearby there is another pig farm called Xaltepec where 15,000 pigs are housed in 18 warehouses. Both of these farms are owned by Smithfield the world’s largest pork supplier (worth around $1.4 billion). An outbreak of swine flu at one of Smithfield’s farms in Romania cost the company $13 million in 2007.
Johann Hari has written about this issue and has quoted Dr Ellen Silbergeld, Professor of Environmental Health Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, as saying about intensive pig farms as allowing viruses “thousands and thousands of spins [of the roulette wheel], for no extra cost [which] drives the evolution of new diseases.” The ‘roulette wheel’ in this case refers to the fact that there are hundreds and thousands of pigs crammed into the same enclosure that allows viruses to spread from one to the other easily, giving it a chance to evolve into something stronger.
Alongside the problems of cramming so many pigs together is the issue of pumping the animals full of vaccines and other drugs.
Hari has looked at the warnings from Sir Liam Donaldson, the British government’s Chief Scientist, who says “Every inappropriate use in animals or agriculture [of antibiotics] is potentially a death warrant for a future patient.” (also see here)
When you combine the idea of and the techniques used in intensive farming, Dr Michael Greger, director of Public Health and Animal Agriculture at the Humane Society of the United States, concludes that “all this together… you have a perfect storm environment for these super-strains. If you wanted to create global pandemics, you’d build as many of these factory farms as possible.”
Caroline Lucas, Green Party leader and one of the South East’s MEP’s, wrote an article that also cites Dr Greger, this time suggesting that a human/pig/bird virus (like the H1N1 swine flu virus we are currently seeing) was first seen in 1998 at a North Carolina pig farm. This farm had a pig population of 10million and Lucas notes that at this time hog farms [a bit more free range] were decreasing in the area. (More information on the first recognised outbreak of this human/avian/swine flu in 1998 can be found here)
The owner of the pig farms in question, Smithfield, understandably denies any wrong doing suggesting they routinely test their pigs for illness and regularly vaccinate their animals.
However, Lucas has called for a more indepth investigation into the outbreak of the virus and it’s possible connection with intensive pig farming.
Despite Smithfield’s assurances, another potential source of the outbreak has been revealed as La Gloria also in Veracruz, where pig manure pools have been singled out for blame. Problems with pig manure fields come from the smell which attract flies and which help spread diseases further afield, and from water contamination. Funnily enough in 1997 Smithfield were fined $12.6 million for violating the federal Clean Water Act. Concerns that La Gloria is the centre of the outbreak and that pig waste is to blame have been raised by Mexico’s national public health authority.
What is interesting to point out is that the first reported case of swine flu does come from this region, a four year old who has survived. Yet despite this, and despite “residents of La Gloria have long complained about the clouds of flies that are drawn the so-called “manure lagoons” created by such [intensive farming] mega-farms” it has been claimed by Mexican local government (possibly trying to protect industry and tourism is the area) that many of the people ill in this region were only suffering influenza despite these ‘influenza’ outbreaks being the first with unusual spreading patterns in Mexico.
Local residents in La Gloria are still adamant that the outbreak started here though. One report says that a 34 year old local resident called Jose Luis Martinez said “When we saw it on the television we said to ourselves, ‘This is what we had,”‘ he said. “It all came from here. The symptoms they are suffering are the same that we had here.””
Suspicions have also been raised of the inspections taken place in the town and the pig farms, with one source suggesting that none of the inspectors so far have been from the Mexican government.
Regardless, what we do know is that the swine flu outbreak is not the first that has been directly linked with intensive animal farming. Caroline Lucas wrote a report 3 years ago about how avian flu developed in the world’s poultry farms. This report can be accessed here. There have also been stories of intensive pig farms being responsible for some MRSA outbreaks in the USA.
If the current outbreak can be directly attributed to intensive pig farming, then it is another thing we can blame Thatcher for. It would be capitalisms fault. But as capitalism keeps imploding upon itself as we have seen this past year with the ‘credit crunch’, then this is another classic case of capitalism being it’s own worst enemy; remember the economic destruction caused in Mexico by swine flu- borders shut down, hotels, tourism, schools, businesses shut and collapsing.
Although I could just be jumping ahead of myself here, as Joseph Luter III, Smithfield’s chairman, once said; vegetarians are “neurotic”.
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I need to become a proper scientist to be able to assess the true threat of swine flu, but on the face of it, I don’t think there is much to worry about… yet.
For example consider the death map , where at the time of writing there has only been only 2 deaths outside Mexico, one of which was a Mexican boy in USA on 29 April 2009 and the other, also in the USA, was a woman in her 30’s who “had chronic underlying health conditions”. Mexico have now admitted that they may have over-reacted to the number of deaths caused by swine flu. The deaths that there have been in Mexico have been attributed to the poor healthcare system when compared with other countries, although a point I am surprised more media sources have not picked up upon is the seemingly slow down in the rate of deaths. As more countries and people become aware of the problem cases can be treated more urgently. A speedy diagnosis and treatment is the first step to recovery.
There are also reports that this virus is at present only a mild strain and a suggestion from Chris Olsen, a professor of public health and head of the Olsen Laboratory, that older people are more immune to this virus than younger people is because they are more likely to have encountered this type of viruses before and have built up a stronger immunity.
But the most concluding statement I have read on the swine flu outbreak and which focuses a lot on the media attention behind swine flu is this one:
“Swine flu is notable because it’s an exceptional event, something above the everyday toll of deaths caused by infectious diseases. A pandemic similar to that of 1918-19, which killed at least 50 million people, would be a catastrophic event because it would double annual worldwide mortality. However, I think the chances of a repeat of 1918-19 are very small. What swine flu, and the media reaction to it, does highlight is our willingness to accept the “routine” toll of infectious diseases with little apparent concern. However, “Mother dies of TB in Zambia and infects her three children” is not a headline that sells many papers.” John McConnell who is Editor of The Lancet Infectious Diseases journal.
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Avaaz’s most recent internet action is on this very topic, and they have created an online petition which can be found here to put pressure on the WHO to investigate the link of swine flu with intensive pig farming.
For those who do not get Avaaz’s email updates and actions, here are some links they have referenced for further information on the topic:
Biosurveillance report tracing the disease to the Smithfields farm: http://biosurveillance.typepad.com/biosurveillance/2009/04/swine-flu-in-mexico-timeline-of-events.html
Reports on the link between the Mexican factory farm and the flu:
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/health-news/for-la-gloria-the-stench-of-blame-is-from-pig-factories-1675809.html
http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-fg-mexico-flu28-2009apr28,0,1701782.story
http://www.scientificamerican.com/podcast/episode.cfm?id=can-swine-flu-be-blamed-on-industri-09-05-01
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20227063.800-swine-flu-the-predictable-pandemic.html?full=true
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-kirby/swine-flu-outbreak—-nat_b_191408.html
WHO pandemic information
http://www.euro.who.int/influenza/20080618_19
FAO, EC and CDC reports on the risks of industrial farming on public health
FAO and CIWF and http://www.cdc.gov/cafos/about.htm
CIWF and PETA video reports of the disgusting conditions for animals in factory farms and the disease ridden manure swamps:
CIWF and PETA
Reports on Smithfield’s animal welfare and environmental damage
http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-wellbeing/health-news/for-la-gloria-the-stench-of-blame-is-from-pig-factories-1675809.html
http://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/press/releases/new-report-highlights-the-trouble-with-smithfield-article03132008
http://avaazimages.s3.amazonaws.com/SmithfieldJan08.pdf
Reports on UK tax payers subsidising factory farms http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/agriculture/farming/5225298/Taxpayers-forking-out-700-million-for-factory-farming-in-England.html